JBMI Insight
type: channel
description: Journal of Business Management & Innovation Welcome to the Journal of Business Management & Innovation (JBMI), where we are committed to advancing the disciplines of business management and innovation through rigorous peer-reviewed research. JBMI champions the open access model to broaden the reach and enhance the impact of our authors' work, contributing to the global good. We invite submissions from both academic and corporate communities, aiming to build a dynamic platform for sharing cutting-edge knowledge. For easy manuscript submission and access to a wide range of insightful articles, please visit our online submission system. If you have any questions or need help, our support team is ready to assist you through the contact information on our website. Join us in driving the future of business and innovation.
language: en
publication name: JBMI Insight
items: Investment in Trailhead Facilities and Its Influence On Competitive Advantage in Kenya’s Adventure Tourism Sector
items: Effects of Development Control Policies on Strategic Investor Attraction in the Real Estate Sector in Nairobi City County
items: Effect of Workplace Diversity Practices on Organizational Performance, Moderated by Process Innovation
items: Strategic Management Practices and Performance of Selected Logistics Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya
items: Overcoming AI Adoption Friction Gap in Small and Medium Enterprises
items: Influence of Technology Adoption on Organizational Development of Public Hospitals. A Case of Riruta Level 4 Hospital, Kenya
items: Role of Process Automation in Enhancing Public Service Delivery: Evidence from Huduma Centres in Nairobi Metropolitan Area, Kenya
items: Financial Management Practices and Funds Management of Public Secondary Schools in Embu County, Kenya
items: Effect of Strategic Planning Practices on Organizational Performance of The County Government of Kilifi, Kenya
items: Effectiveness of Watershed Catchment Protection on the Provision of Water Services in Mandera County, Kenya
items: Public Awareness on Prioritization of Waste Management in Dagoretti North Constituency, Nairobi City County
items: Understanding Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya: The Influence of Financial Accessibility Practices
items: Cost of Credit and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya: The Moderating Role of Financial Literacy
items: Collateral Requirements and Quality of Loan Portfolio of Microfinance Banks in Kenya
items: Effect of Supply Chain Technology Integration On Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Western Region, Kenya
items: Effect of Diversity and Inclusion practices on innovative work behavior in the county government of Nandi, Kenya
items: Integrating Artificial Intelligence, ICT and Innovation for Climate-Resilient Child Protection Systems in Kenya
items: LLMs and Research Methodology Transformation
items: Impact of Agentic AI Adoption on Organizational Transformation in Global Enterprises
items: Adoption of Cloud-Based Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions in Asia
items: Digital Transformation and Operational Efficiency in Medium-Sized Enterprises in Penang, Malaysia
items: Influence of Risk Identification on Project Implementation in Regulatory State Corporations in Kenya
items: Strategic Alliances and Organizational Performance in the Consumer Goods Industry in Zhejiang, China
items: The Effect of Branding on Consumer Buying Decision Behavior of Local Leather Foot Wear Products Perspectives from Prague, Czech Republic
items: Assessment of User Satisfaction with E-Passport Administration Services in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
items: Competitive Strategies and Operational Sustainability of Bic East Africa Limited, Nairobi
items: Influence of Strategic Partnerships on The Performance of Private Hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
items: Influence of Strategic Management Practices on Internal Innovation in Commercial Banks in Kenya
items: Transformational Leadership and Organisational Performance of Plastic Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi and Kiambu, Kenya
items: Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Machakos County, Kenya

Investment in Trailhead Facilities and Its Influence On Competitive Advantage in Kenya’s Adventure Tourism Sector
type: item
description: Trailhead infrastructure forms an important component of the hiking experience and influences how visitors evaluate a destination. Facilities such as sanitation, signage, information points, and emergency support contribute to visitor comfort, safety, and preparedness. In Kenya's adventure tourism sector, these facilities represent a critical interface between natural attractions and the overall visitor experience. This study investigated the extent to which these investments influenced sustained competitive advantage in Kenya’s adventure tourism sector. Theoretically grounded in the Resource-Based View (RBV) and Expectation Disconfirmation Theory (EDT), the research sought to determine if superior infrastructure could truly differentiate one trail from its competitors, or if such infrastructure served merely as basic requirements for participation. The study employed a convergent mixed-methods design. Quantitative data was collected through a structured questionnaire administered to 400 active hikers within Greater Nairobi and the Central Highlands, while qualitative data was obtained through semi-structured interviews with twelve key stakeholders. Descriptive analysis revealed a mean construct score of 3.10 for trailhead infrastructure investment, reflecting moderate satisfaction. Notably, restroom cleanliness recorded the lowest individual score (M = 2.70, SD = 1.39). Within the broader structural model, which explained 53.1% of the variance in competitive advantage, investment in trailhead infrastructure was not a statistically significant direct predictor of sustained competitive advantage (β = 0.089, p = 0.093). Qualitative insights suggested that infrastructure functions as “hygiene factors”, essential for basic operations but insufficient on their own to create a unique edge. The study concluded that while basic infrastructure is a prerequisite for service delivery, it is not a direct source of competitive advantage Keywords: Trailhead infrastructure, advent…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Jane Muthoni Gatonye
creator: Catherine Njoki Chege
creator: Samuel Macharia
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-06-24
publication date: 2026-06-24
starting page: 41
ending page: 55

Effects of Development Control Policies on Strategic Investor Attraction in the Real Estate Sector in Nairobi City County
type: item
description: The pilot study examined the suitability of research instruments designed to assess the effect of development control policies on strategic investor attraction in the real estate sector in Nairobi City County. A pilot study was conducted using 24 respondents, representing 10% of the sample size, to test reliability, validity, and factor structure before the main data collection exercise. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha, and all study variables recorded acceptable values above 0.7. Environmental Impact Assessment requirements had the highest reliability score of 0.874, followed by stakeholder engagement policy at 0.867, licensing regulations at 0.796, zoning regulations at 0.785, regulatory transparency at 0.758, and strategic investor attraction at 0.711. Validity was tested using the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity. All KMO values were above the recommended threshold of 0.5, while Bartlett’s test was significant at p = 0.000 for all variables, confirming that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Factor analysis further showed that most questionnaire items had acceptable factor loadings above 0.5. However, two items under stakeholder engagement policy recorded low loadings of 0.281 and 0.464 and were therefore removed from the main analysis. The findings confirmed that the research instrument was reliable, valid and appropriate for measuring zoning regulations, licensing regulations, stakeholder engagement policy, environmental impact assessment requirements, regulatory transparency, and strategic investor attraction. The pilot results therefore supported the use of the revise questionnaire in the main study. Keywords: Development control policies; Strategic investor attraction; Real estate sector; Regulatory transparency; Nairobi City County.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Josephine Mutindi Kithu
creator: Peter Kibas
creator: Esther Kathure Mwiti
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-06-12
publication date: 2026-06-12
starting page: 31
ending page: 40

Effect of Workplace Diversity Practices on Organizational Performance, Moderated by Process Innovation
type: item
description: Publicly quoted companies in Kenya face persistent underperformance despite Capital Markets Authority requirements for qualified senior management. The study examined how process innovation moderates the relationship between workplace diversity practices and organizational performance. The study was guided by dynamic capabilities theory and adopted a pragmatic philosophical orientation. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was employed. The target population comprised 150 senior management respondents from 56 operational publicly quoted companies on the Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study selected three senior management respondents from the human resource, strategy, and finance functions in each company for questionnaires. Data collection involved structured questionnaires on a five-point Likert scale, with ethical clearance obtained. Pretesting confirmed validity (factor loadings >0.4) and reliability (Cronbach's alpha >0.7). Quantitative analysis used SPSS version 30, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed a positive, significant relationship between process innovation and performance, with the strongest moderating effect on organizational diversity practices. The study concludes that process innovation significantly enhances the impact of workplace diversity on performance and recommends structured innovation frameworks leveraging diverse perspectives to improve workflows, systems, and processes. Keywords: Process innovation, workplace diversity practices, organizational performance, publicly quoted companies, Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya, Dynamic Capabilities Theory
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Lazarus Akunga Kimang'a
creator: Joanes Kaleli Kyongo
creator: Eunice Wandiga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-05-26
publication date: 2026-05-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 13

Strategic Management Practices and Performance of Selected Logistics Firms in Mombasa County, Kenya
type: item
description: This study examined the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of selected logistics firms in Mombasa, Kenya. Firm performance was assessed in terms of operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, innovation, and employee productivity. Despite the significant contribution of logistics firms to the Kenyan economy through transportation and storage services, many continue to face challenges related to competition, rising operational costs, government regulations, and internal inefficiencies. The study focused on four strategic management practices: environmental analysis, employee empowerment, leadership, and stakeholder involvement. The research was guided by the Resource-Based View Theory, Porter's Generic Strategies Theory, and Agency Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted targeting 245 employees from three logistics firms, comprising directors, managers, administrators, and operations staff. Using stratified and proportionate sampling techniques, a sample of 75 respondents was selected. Primary data were collected through questionnaires, while validity was enhanced through expert review. Data were analyzed using regression analysis. The findings revealed a strong positive relationship between strategic management practices and firm performance (R = 0.943; R² = 0.889), indicating that 88.9% of performance variation was explained by the independent variables. ANOVA results confirmed the statistical significance of the model (F = 241.449, p < 0.05). All variables had a significant positive effect on performance, with stakeholder involvement emerging as the strongest predictor (β = 0.482, p = 0.000). The study concluded that integrated strategic management practices significantly enhance the performance and competitiveness of logistics firms. The study recommends strengthening stakeholder engagement, leadership development, employee empowerment, and continuous environmental analysis to achieve sustainable organizational performance…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Kageni Linet Imanene
creator: Reuben Kinyuru Njuguna
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-05-25
publication date: 2026-05-25
starting page: 102
ending page: 119

Overcoming AI Adoption Friction Gap in Small and Medium Enterprises
type: item
description: The adoption of artificial intelligence presents a strategic opportunity for small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). However, these organizations frequently struggle to translate technological investments into operational value. The business problem addressed in this study is the failure of small and medium-sized enterprises to realize the expected benefits of artificial intelligence due to a misalignment between technical capabilities, organizational readiness, and environmental constraints. The purpose of this study was to explore the subjective perceptions of business leaders regarding the factors influencing adoption decisions. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 SME leaders and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. The results identified four themes: technological incompatibility creates an adoption friction gap, strategic leadership mediates cultural alignment, workforce anxiety necessitates psychological reassurance, and environmental uncertainty drives defensive governance. The findings extend the technology, organization, and environment (TOE) framework by demonstrating that structural constraints cannot be resolved through software procurement alone. Business leaders must instead prioritize data architecture readiness, utilize targeted diagnostics to manage employee job replacement fears, and enforce strict human-in-the-loop oversight to navigate regulatory ambiguity. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Small and Medium Enterprises, Technology Adoption, Change Management, TOE Framework, Strategic Leadership
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Daniel Paula
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 90
ending page: 101

Influence of Technology Adoption on Organizational Development of Public Hospitals. A Case of Riruta Level 4 Hospital, Kenya
type: item
description: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of technology adoption as a change management strategy on organizational performance of public hospitals in Kenya through Riruta Level 4 Hospital. Public hospitals in Kenya face numerous challenges, including resource constraints, inefficient service delivery, and increasing demand for quality healthcare. Effective change strategies such as adoption of modern technology are considered essential for enhancing efficiency, staff performance and patient satisfaction. The study was underpinned by Lewin’s Change Management Model, Kotter’s 8-Step Change Model, Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation Theory, and Organizational Development Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted by the study to allow an in-depth examination of the relationship among the variables. The target population comprised 47 medical and non-medical staff. The study adopted a census approach since the target population was small. Quantitative data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. employing descriptive statistics to summarize demographic information and perceptions of change management practices. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between technology adoption and organizational development. Hypotheses were tested at a 0.05 level of significance. The findings show that technology adoption (B = 0.020, p = 0.016) including the use of digital systems for patient registration and medical records, also enhanced efficiency positively influence organizational development. The study concluded that technology adoption positively influenced organizational development had the greatest impact. It recommends that public hospitals strengthen technology adoption for sustainable growth and improved healthcare services. Keywords: Change management strategies, technology adoption & organizational development
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ann Jeddy Murugi
creator: David Gichuhi
creator: Peter Mwaura
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-05-11
publication date: 2026-05-11
starting page: 81
ending page: 89

Role of Process Automation in Enhancing Public Service Delivery: Evidence from Huduma Centres in Nairobi Metropolitan Area, Kenya
type: item
description: Process automation drives public service efficiency, yet its specific effect on citizen outcomes at Kenya's Huduma Centres remains insufficiently examined. Despite deployment of automated queuing, biometric verification, and digital workflow systems, persistent challenges in service timeliness, accessibility, and user satisfaction continue to raise questions about the effectiveness of automation implementation across Huduma Centre locations. This paper investigated the effect of process automation on public service delivery among Huduma Centres in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area, Kenya. The study was anchored in pragmatic philosophical paradigm and guided by the SERVQUAL model. An explanatory mixed-methods design was adopted, targeting 13,796 individuals across nine Huduma Centres in Nairobi, Kiambu, Machakos and Kajiado counties. A stratified sampling approach using Cochran's formula yielded a sample of 549 respondents. Primary data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires, with reliability and validity ensured through Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and expert validation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and regression, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The study found that process automation had a significant positive effect on service delivery (β = 0.358, p = 0.000), explaining 33.4% of the variance in service delivery outcomes. Descriptive findings revealed that routine service automation recorded the highest mean (M = 4.41, SD = 0.73), while reduction in human error recorded the lowest mean (M = 4.21, SD = 0.68), indicating variability in the depth and consistency of automation implementation across centres. Qualitative findings corroborated these results, with employees identifying automated workflows as key enablers of fairness, transparency, and processing speed, while customers confirmed that functioning automated systems significantly reduced wait times and enhanced their ove…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Maxwell Okeyo
creator: Justice Nzioki
creator: Sylvia Tuikong
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-04-18
publication date: 2026-04-18
starting page: 64
ending page: 80

Financial Management Practices and Funds Management of Public Secondary Schools in Embu County, Kenya
type: item
description: This study examined the effect of financial management practices on funds management in public secondary schools in Embu County, Kenya, in line with the government’s commitment to inclusive and equitable education under Sustainable Development Goal 4. Despite substantial public investment in education, many schools continue to experience financial constraints that hinder effective service delivery. The study focused on four key practices: financial reporting, financial literacy, financial planning, and auditing. It was anchored on the Resource-Based View, Agency Theory, and Information Asymmetry Theory. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 600 respondents comprising principals, bursars, and chairpersons from 200 schools. A stratified random sampling technique yielded a sample of 240 respondents. Data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, whose validity (face, construct, and content) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.7) were confirmed. A pilot study involving 30 schools was conducted to enhance data quality. Data analysis employed both descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics, specifically multiple linear regression. Diagnostic tests for normality, linearity, and multicollinearity were conducted to ensure model accuracy. The findings revealed that all four financial management practices significantly and positively influence funds management. Financial reporting and financial literacy emerged as the most influential factors, while financial planning and auditing also contributed significantly. However, schools still face challenges related to cash reserves, investment of surplus funds, and income diversification, indicating a gap between adopted practices and financial outcomes. The study recommends that the Ministry of Education institutionalize mandatory financial management training programs for school financial officers. Keywords: Financial Management, Practices…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Faith Mwende Njeru
creator: Salome Musau
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-04-11
publication date: 2026-04-11
starting page: 35
ending page: 44

Effect of Strategic Planning Practices on Organizational Performance of The County Government of Kilifi, Kenya
type: item
description: This study examined the influence of strategic planning practices on organizational performance at the County Government of Kilifi, Kenya. Despite the introduction of performance contracting in Kenya's public sector in 2003, county governments continue to experience challenges such as underutilization of allocated funds and delayed implementation of development projects. The study sought to assess how strategic planning practices contribute to improved county performance within the devolved governance framework. Grounded in the Theory of Goal Formulation, Systems Theory, the Results-Based Management Model, and the Resource-Based View, the study adopted a descriptive survey and correlational research design. A census of 130 respondents from 13 administrative departments was conducted, with 121 valid responses returned, representing a 93.1% response rate. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, and reliability and validity tests confirmed the adequacy of the instruments. Descriptive statistics revealed that strategic planning practices were well institutionalized in Kilifi County, with departments operating under structured strategic plans aligned with the County Integrated Development Plan. Respondents indicated high levels of familiarity with departmental vision statements, regular consultative meetings, time-bound objectives, and robust monitoring and evaluation systems. Correlation analysis revealed a strong and statistically significant positive relationship between strategic planning practices and organizational performance (r = 0.768, p < 0.01). Regression analysis further showed that strategic planning made a significant positive contribution to performance (β = 0.048, p < 0.05), while the overall model explained 42.9% of performance variation (R² = 0.429). ANOVA results confirmed the model's overall significance (F = 8.816, p < 0.05). The study concludes that integrating strategic planning with participatory approaches, budgeting processes, and…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Joel Munga Deche
creator: Elishiba Murigi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-03-26
publication date: 2026-03-26
starting page: 1
ending page: 11

Effectiveness of Watershed Catchment Protection on the Provision of Water Services in Mandera County, Kenya
type: item
description: The Kenya National Water Policy 2021 was designed to ensure sustainable water resource management and equitable access to clean water. However, key gaps exist in its implementation in Mandera County, where water scarcity remains a persistent challenge. This study thus evaluated the effectiveness of watershed catchment protection on the provision of water services in Mandera County. The study was anchored on transformative approach and adopted pragmatism philosophy, employing a descriptive survey research design. The target population comprised 535 participants drawn from various key stakeholders in Mandera County, including the Water Resources Authority, Mandera Office, Mandera County Companies, community leaders, representatives from the Non- Governmental Organization, County Government of Mandera Water Department, and the National Drought Management Authority. The researcher used Slovin’s formula to obtain a sample size of 229 respondents. The study used both descriptive and inferential statistical methods in analysis. The findings were presented on tables. The findings depicted coefficient of determination (R Squared) of 0.506, implying that 50.6% of the variation in the provision of water services in Mandera County is accounted for by watershed catchment protection. The ANOVA results in indicated that the model was statistically significant in explaining the effect of watershed catchment protection on the provision of water services (p< 0.05). The regression coefficient results showed a positive and statistically significant relationship between watershed catchment protection and provision of water services (β = 0.694, p = 0.007 < 0.05). The study thus recommends that Mandera county department of water services should invest in the construction, maintenance, and security of water storage infrastructure, with specific attention to underserved rural areas and watershed catchment protection. Keywords: Watershed Catchment Protection, Water Services Provision, Enviro…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Mohamed Ali Omar
creator: Wilson Muna
creator: David Minja
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-03-19
publication date: 2026-03-19
starting page: 64
ending page: 82

Public Awareness on Prioritization of Waste Management in Dagoretti North Constituency, Nairobi City County
type: item
description: Inadequate environmental education and weak dissemination of waste management information in Dagoretti North Constituency have contributed to widespread illegal dumping of solid waste. In particular, the Kiruta area of Kikuyuware has experienced persistent indiscriminate disposal along major access roads, creating serious environmental degradation and heightened public health risks for residents. Against this backdrop, the study sought to assess public awareness and prioritization of waste management within Dagoretti North, Nairobi City County. Specifically, the study examined the influence of disseminating waste management knowledge to the community, consulting residents on waste management priorities, collaborating with community members, and actively involving the public in waste management decision-making processes. The investigation was anchored in the social capital framework and a stakeholder perspective, recognizing the importance of shared norms, networks, and partnerships in addressing environmental challenges. A descriptive research design was adopted. The target population comprised 33 officers from the Department of Environment and Forestry in Dagoretti North and 20 managers from licensed waste collection companies, yielding a total census of 53 respondents. Primary and secondary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires and guided interviews, with a pilot study conducted in Dagoretti South Constituency. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and inferential techniques, including correlation and regression analysis. Findings revealed strong, positive, and statistically significant relationships between waste management and information dissemination (r = 0.605), community consultation (r = 0.753), community collaboration (r = 0.690), and community engagement (r = 0.729), all at p < 0.05. The study concludes that effective communication and inclusive community participation are critical to improved waste management outcomes. It recom…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Musembi Ruth Munyiva
creator: Patrick Mbataru
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 53
ending page: 63

Understanding Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Nairobi City County, Kenya: The Influence of Financial Accessibility Practices
type: item
description: In any business or organization’s endeavors, performance is the critical vision for management, growth, and improvement. Besides, in the unpredictable and competitive business environment, the availability of financial resources plays a significant role a sound financial accessibility practice leads to better business opportunities and innovative processes. Small and Medium Enterprises are part of the vast informal economy, which significantly contributes to job creation and poverty alleviation. In Kenya, however, within a few months of operation, about half of these businesses close, while most that remain perform poorly. The dismal performance has been linked to challenges in credit access in the banking sector, as these financial institutions play a key role in serving this segment. The study examined the influence of financial accessibility practices on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya. Specifically, the study aimed to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial orientation, interest rate, collateral requirements, and credit rationing on access to credit and performance of Small and Medium Enterprises. This research was anchored in three theories: the asymmetric information theory, the adverse selection theory, and the Credit Rationing Theory. A descriptive survey research design was employed in the study to target 3,000 Small and medium enterprises registered in Nairobi County. The sample size was determined using Taro Yamane's formula, selecting 97 respondents as the unit of observation. Proportionate stratified and random sampling was used as the sampling technique. The data collection instrument was a pilot-tested questionnaire for accurate measurement examination. Descriptive statistical methods, such as the mean, standard deviation, frequencies, and percentages, were used to analyze the data. In addition, inferential statistical techniques, such as Pearson's correlation and multiple regression, were used to asses…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Vincent Alata
creator: Moses Odhiambo Aluoch
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-03-03
publication date: 2026-03-03
starting page: 37
ending page: 52

Cost of Credit and Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya: The Moderating Role of Financial Literacy
type: item
description: Access to affordable credit remains a decisive factor in the growth and sustainability of small and medium enterprises in developing economies. This study examined the effect of the cost of credit on the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kenya, with financial literacy considered as a potential moderating factor. The study was Guided by Transaction Cost Theory, Credit Rationing Theory, and the Balanced Scorecard framework. The study adopted a descriptive research design and targeted more than 1.5 million registered SMEs across the country. A sample size of 385 was used. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. Descriptive results showed that respondents rated the cost of credit highly as a barrier (mean = 3.99), while financial literacy averaged 3.98 with gaps in practical credit management skills, and business performance averaged 3.93 with constrained profitability and employment outcomes. Regression analysis revealed that the cost of credit explained 71.7 percent of the variation in performance with a significant negative effect (B = -0.832, p < 0.05), while the moderating effect of financial literacy remained insignificant (p = 0.231) thus indicating that knowledge alone cannot offset systemic credit costs. The study concludes that policy measures to reduce borrowing costs, enforce transparent lending practices, and promote flexible repayment structures are critical for enhancing financial inclusion and enterprise sustainability in Kenya. Keywords: Cost of credit, business performance, financial literacy, small and medium enterprises, SMEs, Transaction Cost Theory, Kenya.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Ignitious Mutea
creator: Allan Kuria
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-02-09
publication date: 2026-02-09
starting page: 25
ending page: 36

Collateral Requirements and Quality of Loan Portfolio of Microfinance Banks in Kenya
type: item
description: The microfinance sector in Kenya has been grappling with a significant challenge, as evidenced by the 5.55 percent of net non-performing loans to the net loan portfolio for microfinance banks over the four-year period between 2019 and 2022. The International Monetary Fund and World Bank consider a non-performing loans ratio of 5 percent or higher as a sign of vulnerability and potential financial instability. The study was grounded by lender-based theory, utilized a positivism research philosophy and a descriptive research design. The target population comprised 14 regulated microfinance banks in Kenya, overseen by the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK). Secondary data, spanning from 2019 to 2023, was extracted using a data collection sheet and analyses with descriptive and inferential statistics via STATA. The findings indicated that collateral requirements had a positive impact on quality of loan portfolio of microfinance banks in Kenya. The findings underscore the importance of collateral requirements in enhancing loan portfolio quality. The study recommends that microfinance banks in Kenya should enhance their collateral requirement frameworks to improve loan portfolio quality, recognizing that collateral serves as both a security mechanism against default risk and an efficient screening tool for identifying creditworthy clients. Additionally, the Central Bank of Kenya should implement stricter oversight mechanisms on collateral valuation processes and establish standardized guidelines that ensure consistency across the sector while accommodating alternative collateral forms accessible to underserved populations. These evidence-based recommendations offer important guidance for policymakers and industry professionals in the microfinance sector, enriching the current knowledge base and driving improvements in risk management practices that balance institutional sustainability with financial inclusion objectives. Keywords: Quality Loan Portfolio, Collateral Requirement, …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Cellinah Wanza Muindi
creator: Jeremiah Koori
creator: Anthony Mugetha Irungu
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-01-19
publication date: 2026-01-19
starting page: 13
ending page: 24

Effect of Supply Chain Technology Integration On Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Western Region, Kenya
type: item
description: The aim of this research was to explore the effect of Supply Chain Technology integration on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Western region in Kenya. This study objective was to determine the effect of Supply Chain Technology integration on performance of Non-Governmental Organizations. The study employed positivism research paradigm and an explanatory research design to determine the cause-and-effect relationships between the study variables. The target population of this study comprised of 25 non-governmental organizations located in western region. Within these organizations, 375 staff with a sample size of 194 respondents was selected using Yamane’s Formulae from different departments such procurement, logistics, finance, public relations and warehousing. The study also targeted 12 beneficiaries who included both male and female. Stratified and simple random sampling technique was employed to select the staff within the NGOs and beneficiaries were selected using purposive sampling. Primary data was collected by using the questionnaire as the main research instrument while the information from the beneficiaries was collected using Focus Group Discussion. Cronbach alpha (α) of 0.7 and above was employed to test the instruments’ reliability. Face validity was applied to determine if the instrument would measure what it is supposed to measure. Quantitative data was analyzed by employing descriptive statistics such as means, standard deviations, frequencies and percentages. The data was also analyzed using ANOVA, Regression and correlation analysis. The qualitative data obtained from the Focused Group Discussion with selected beneficiaries was analyzed using thematic analysis and was presented in narrative form. The finding was Technology integration (β = 0.474, p = 0.000) had a positive and had a significant effect on performance of NGOs in Western region. The hypothesis tested was rejected since the p value for the variable was <0.05. The study con…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pamela Kanga
creator: Aleri Odaya
creator: Sitienei Koech
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 JBMI Insight
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: 1
ending page: 12

Effect of Diversity and Inclusion practices on innovative work behavior in the county government of Nandi, Kenya
type: item
description: This study examines how diversity and inclusion (D&I) practices shape innovative work behavior (IWB) in the County Government of Nandi, Kenya. Guided by Social Exchange Theory and the Componential Theory of Creativity, the study focuses on remuneration, affective commitment, and inclusive leadership, and tests the mediating role of psychological safety. A cross-sectional explanatory design was applied using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from 308 employees selected through stratified random sampling, and analyzed in SPSS v28 using descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and PROCESS-based mediation. Qualitative data from key informant interviews with HR managers and departmental heads were thematically analyzed to enrich interpretation. Findings show that D&I practices are strong predictors of IWB. The direct effects model recorded R = 0.794 and R² = 0.630, indicating that remuneration, affective commitment, and inclusive leadership jointly explain 63% of the variance in IWB. All three predictors were positive and significant, with inclusive leadership exhibiting the largest standardized effect (β = 0.361, p < 0.001), followed by remuneration (β = 0.298, p < 0.001) and affective commitment (β = 0.247, p < 0.001). Introducing psychological safety increased explanatory power to R² = 0.678; psychological safety itself predicted IWB (β = 0.319, p < 0.001) and partially mediated the effects of all three predictors, as their coefficients reduced but remained significant. Interview evidence reinforced the centrality of equitable remuneration, participatory leadership, employee loyalty, and safe climates in enabling idea generation, promotion, and implementation. The study concludes that well-embedded D&I practices—particularly inclusive leadership supported by fair systems directly and indirectly elevate employee innovation through psychological safety. It recommends institutionalizing transparent remuneration and promotion processes, leader…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Pamela Eng’airo
creator: Dinah Chebet Keino
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
starting page: 78
ending page: 94

Integrating Artificial Intelligence, ICT and Innovation for Climate-Resilient Child Protection Systems in Kenya
type: item
description: Climate change continues to undermine child well-being in Kenya by intensifying droughts, floods, and related environmental shocks. These recurring crises erode social and economic stability, disrupt access to essential services, and heighten children’s exposure to abuse, neglect, and exploitation. Traditional child protection systems in Kenya remain fragmented and reactive, unable to cope effectively with the growing frequency of climate-related emergencies. This paper examines how Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and innovation can collectively enhance the resilience and responsiveness of child protection systems. Anchored in the Socio-Technical Systems Theory, the study synthesizes empirical findings from Kenya and comparable African contexts to evaluate how AI-driven analytics, ICT-enabled coordination, and context-specific innovation can reinforce prevention, preparedness, and response capacities. Case examples such as Kenya’s CPIMS+, RapidPro, and Ushahidi are examined to illustrate integration pathways. The findings highlight that successful implementation depends not only on technology but also on strong institutional alignment, ethical data governance, and sustained investment. The study concludes that AI-driven predictive analytics can transform child protection from emergency response to preventive, data-informed systems, that ethical governance and transparent data management are non-negotiable prerequisites, and that long-term sustainability depends on embedding initiatives within domestic funding structures rather than donor-driven projects. The study recommends that Kenya should establish a national child protection data hub integrating climate and social protection data, should develop AI ethics guidelines tailored to children's rights with independent oversight mechanisms, should invest in capacity development through Child Protection Innovation Labs, and should integrate AI, ICT, and innovation initiativ…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Waruinge Muhindi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-11-19
publication date: 2025-11-19
starting page: 64
ending page: 77

LLMs and Research Methodology Transformation
type: item
description: The emergence of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, Claude, and Gemini has initiated a profound methodological transformation in the global research ecosystem. This systematic literature review examines how LLMs are redefining the processes of knowledge generation, analysis, and dissemination across academic disciplines. Guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework, the study systematically analyzed 92 peer-reviewed articles published between 2021 and 2025 to identify the scope, methodological adaptations, and ethical implications of integrating LLMs into research workflows. Findings indicate that LLMs are now embedded in nearly all stages of the research process ranging from literature retrieval and screening to data extraction, synthesis, and academic writing. Their integration has significantly enhanced research efficiency, reduced manual workload, and democratized access to advanced analytical tools, particularly benefiting early-career and non-native English-speaking scholars. However, the review reveals that the methodological evolution brought by LLMs also entails new challenges related to accuracy, bias, authorship, reproducibility, and transparency. The analysis demonstrates that researchers are increasingly adopting hybrid human AI collaboration models in which LLMs function as cognitive partners while human oversight ensures validation and contextual interpretation. Moreover, new research protocols emphasize prompt documentation, version control, and ethical disclosure of AI involvement to uphold scientific integrity. Despite their advantages, concerns persist regarding hallucinated outputs, algorithmic bias, and unequal access to proprietary AI technologies, which risk widening global disparities in research capacity. The review concludes that LLMs are transforming research methodology from static, manual processes into dynamic, AI-augmented workflows characterized by adaptability, scalability, and inclusivity. Nonetheless, this transformation demands co…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Bryan White
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 51
ending page: 63

Impact of Agentic AI Adoption on Organizational Transformation in Global Enterprises
type: item
description: Agentic artificial intelligence adoption plays a vital role in enhancing organizational transformation, especially for enterprises operating in increasingly digitalized global markets. This study investigated the impact of agentic AI adoption on organizational transformation of global enterprises through a comprehensive systematic literature review analyzing multiple empirical studies across diverse international contexts. The research found that agentic AI adoption significantly enhances organizational transformation in global enterprises by improving operational efficiency, decision-making capabilities, and strategic positioning. Literature analysis revealed that enterprises demonstrated superior performance outcomes, with 74% reporting ROI achievement within the first year, 62% experiencing returns exceeding 100%, and 39% achieving productivity doubling when agentic AI technologies were successfully implemented. The study also established that technological readiness and organizational culture serve as primary drivers of agentic AI adoption success, while leadership commitment and change management capabilities play crucial moderating roles in determining transformation outcomes. Moreover, the study found that when enterprises combined agentic AI adoption with complementary organizational restructuring such as cross-functional teams and governance frameworks, organizations observed enhanced business value and sustainable competitive positioning. Companies implementing agentic AI achieved average returns of 171%, with U.S.-based companies reaching 192% returns. The research also observed that strategic agentic AI implementation helped mitigate complexity challenges and resource constraints commonly faced by enterprises, thereby reinforcing their ability to achieve transformative business outcomes in digital markets. These findings support the Resource-Based View and Technology-Organization-Environment theoretical frameworks emphasizing the importance of internal c…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Isaac Gregroy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 39
ending page: 50

Adoption of Cloud-Based Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions in Asia
type: item
description: Higher education institutions across Asia are undergoing significant digital transformation as they adopt cloud-based management systems to improve administrative efficiency and enhance learning outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated this shift, forcing universities to transition from traditional on-premises systems to scalable, remote-accessible platforms. However, adoption rates remain uneven across the region, with developed economies demonstrating advanced integration while developing nations face persistent infrastructural and financial barriers. This study examined the adoption of cloud-based management systems in higher education institutions across Asia through a systematic literature review, analyzing factors influencing implementation, challenges encountered, and success patterns across diverse educational contexts. A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing peer-reviewed academic articles, government reports, and institutional publications focusing on cloud computing adoption in Asian higher education contexts. Findings revealed significant disparities in adoption rates between developed economies like Japan, South Korea, and Singapore, which demonstrated advanced cloud integration, and developing nations including the Philippines, Pakistan, and Vietnam, where barriers persisted. Key success factors included institutional readiness, leadership support, and digital literacy, while primary barriers encompassed security concerns, financial constraints, and technical expertise limitations. Software as a Service solutions achieved the highest adoption rates. Sustainable cloud adoption necessitates holistic approaches addressing technological, organizational, and environmental factors while considering local contexts and institutional capacities. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Higher Education, Digital Transformation, Technology Adoption
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: James Hughes
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-11-01
publication date: 2025-11-01
starting page: 29
ending page: 38

Digital Transformation and Operational Efficiency in Medium-Sized Enterprises in Penang, Malaysia
type: item
description: Digital transformation has become a critical strategy for medium-sized enterprises in Penang, Malaysia, to enhance operational efficiency and remain competitive. These businesses are adopting technologies like cloud computing, data analytics and automation to streamline operations and reduce costs. However, they face challenges including limited finances, insufficient digital skills, inadequate infrastructure and resistance to change. Penang's manufacturing and service sectors can significantly benefit through improved supply chains, better customer engagement, and optimized resources. Government support, industry partnerships and strategic investment in digital capabilities are essential for these enterprises to achieve sustained operational improvements and competitive advantage. Research findings show that medium-sized enterprises in Penang implementing digital transformation achieve significant operational efficiency improvements, including reduced production costs, faster processes and enhanced productivity. However, efficiency gains vary based on digital maturity levels, employee competency, management commitment and available technological infrastructure. Studies reveal that these enterprises face barriers like high investment costs, cybersecurity risks and skill gaps, though successful adopters demonstrate measurable improvements in profitability and competitiveness. The study concluded that digital transformation proves essential for enhancing operational efficiency in Penang's medium-sized enterprises, delivering substantial benefits in cost reduction and productivity. Success depends critically on adequate infrastructure investment, employee skill development and strong leadership commitment to overcome implementation challenges. Medium-sized enterprises in Penang should prioritize phased digital transformation implementation, focusing on critical operational areas while simultaneously investing in employee training and infrastructure development. Policym…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Johari Zainudin Barsa
creator: Hamzah Abdul Rakesh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 28

Influence of Risk Identification on Project Implementation in Regulatory State Corporations in Kenya
type: item
description: To effectively implement enterprise risk management, it's crucial to examine different strategic paths by considering the interconnected risks present in various possible situations, which helps in identifying opportunities arising from risks and ensuring that risk management aligns with the acceptable level of risk for stakeholders. This motivated the aim of the study which sought to examine the influence of enterprise risk management on project implementation in the public sector in Kenya with a focus on the regulatory state corporations. The specific objective was to evaluate risk identification affect project implementation in the regulatory state corporations in Kenya. The theories anchoring the study are agency theory, fraud triangle theory and stakeholder theory. To achieve the above objectives, the study adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was all the 122 officials in charge of implementing projects and therefore the study was a census survey who were selected from regulatory state corporations. A questionnaire was used to collect data from the respondents in the regulatory state corporations. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics which included percentages, means, standard deviation and linear regression models. The findings were presented in the form of tables. From the study findings, it can be concluded risk identification had a positive and a significant effect on project implementation in regulatory state corporations in Kenya. For the future study, the study suggested a study to investigate the mediating role of organizational culture or leadership style in the relationship between enterprise risk management practices and project performance with a focus in the private. A comparative study can be conducted across sectors (e.g., private vs. public) to understand contextual differences in enterprise risk management implementation. Keyword: Risk Identification, Project Implementation, Regulatory, State Co…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Lugadilu Winston Lumadede
creator: Paul Gesimba
creator: Mary Kibuine
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-31
publication date: 2025-10-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 15

Strategic Alliances and Organizational Performance in the Consumer Goods Industry in Zhejiang, China
type: item
description: Strategic alliances have become increasingly vital for consumer goods companies in Zhejiang, China, enabling them to enhance organizational performance through resource sharing, market expansion, and technological collaboration. These partnerships allow enterprises to access new distribution channels, leverage complementary capabilities, reduce operational costs, and accelerate innovation in product development and marketing strategies. However, alliance success in Zhejiang's consumer goods sector depends on factors such as partner compatibility, trust between organizations, clear governance structures, and effective communication mechanisms. The region's thriving e-commerce ecosystem and manufacturing expertise create unique opportunities for both domestic and international alliances that can significantly improve market reach and operational efficiency. Careful alliance partner selection, ongoing relationship management, and alignment of strategic objectives are essential for consumer goods companies in Zhejiang to maximize performance benefits and achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The research found that strategic alliances significantly improved organizational performance in Zhejiang’s consumer goods industry by fostering innovation, operational efficiency and market expansion. Firms engaged in joint ventures and partnerships reported higher profitability and faster product development cycles compared to those operating independently. Additionally, alliances enhanced access to new technologies and distribution networks, strengthening firms’ competitive advantage in both domestic and international markets. The study concluded that strategic alliances play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of consumer goods firms in Zhejiang by promoting resource sharing, innovation and market diversification. These partnerships not only improve operational capabilities but also position firms for sustained competitiveness in an increasingly globalized and techn…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Yang Huaren Davari
creator: Sheng Shangkun Umar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-30
publication date: 2025-10-30
starting page: 80
ending page: 90

The Effect of Branding on Consumer Buying Decision Behavior of Local Leather Foot Wear Products Perspectives from Prague, Czech Republic
type: item
description: This study examined the effect of branding on consumer buying decision behavior for local leather footwear products in Prague, Czech Republic. With the primary aim of identifying how branding elements such as brand name, logo, character, slogan, and packaging influence consumer purchasing choices. Utilizing an explanatory research design and a quantitative approach, the study employed a non-probability purposive sampling method to select a sample size of 384 consumers aged eighteen and above who had purchased locally produced leather footwear within the past five years. Data was collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results indicate that branding elements, particularly brand name and packaging, have a significant positive impact on consumer buying decisions, while other elements like slogan and brand character showed a moderate influence. The findings highlight the need for local manufacturers to prioritize effective branding strategies to enhance consumer loyalty and competitiveness in the market. Ultimately, this study provides actionable insights for both practitioners and policymakers, supporting the growth and sustainability of Czech Republic’s leather industry, and contributes to the broader academic understanding of branding’s role in shaping consumer behavior in emerging markets. Keywords: Branding, Consumer behavior, Buying decision, Brand element
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Radek T. Pumera
creator: Vladimír H. Cihlář
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-29
publication date: 2025-10-29
starting page: 68
ending page: 79

Assessment of User Satisfaction with E-Passport Administration Services in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania
type: item
description: In Tanzania, the effectiveness of electronic passport services is inadequate, causing dissatisfaction among users. The excessive document submission required during the pre-application process for e-passports, including 6 to 7 documents like birth certificates and affidavits, has increased the time taken for e-passport applications. This study therefore aimed to determine users’ satisfaction on e-passport administration services in the Kilimanjaro region. The study was anchored on the Information Systems Success Model (ISSM) and employed a descriptive research strategy involving a triangulation approach which involves qualitative and quantitative. The study collected primary data using both a structured questionnaire and a Key Informant Interview. The quantitative data collected using a questionnaire was analyzed with the aid of SPSS software using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings revealed that improvements in the application process, document submission, and speedy processing times significantly influenced the satisfaction of customers. At the same time, higher costs negatively impacted satisfaction, collectively explaining 62.9% of the variations in user satisfaction. The study concludes that there are critical areas such as; processing stages, status feedback of the application process to be viewed by users on the immigration website, document submissions, processing time, fiber, delivery method, delivery time, payment system interoperability, citizenship interrogation, e-management and decentralization of e-passport to the districts need more improvement in the e-passport system’s performance. In view of the findings, this study recommends that the immigration force department should strive to focus on improving the efficiency and reliability of their systems on e-passport services in the Kilimanjaro region. Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, E-Passport Services, Interoperability, Service Delivery, E-Passport
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Furaha Watson
creator: Christian Malamsha
creator: Damian Sambuo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
starting page: 47
ending page: 67

Competitive Strategies and Operational Sustainability of Bic East Africa Limited, Nairobi
type: item
description: This study examined the influence of competitive strategies on the operational sustainability of BIC East Africa Limited, Nairobi. The fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in Kenya is characterized by rising operational costs, market saturation, and intense competition, which threaten firms’ ability to sustain performance. The study focused on cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategies as the independent variables, and operational sustainability measured by profitability, market share, and employee productivity as the dependent variable, with government policy as a moderating variable. A descriptive research design was adopted to establish the relationship between the study variables. The target population comprised 150 employees of BIC East Africa Limited, categorized into executive, technical, and support staff, as indicated in the Human Resource Department Report (2025). Using a stratified random sampling technique, a sample of 109 respondents was selected to ensure proportional representation across departments. The data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS Version 25 using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis methods, including multiple linear regression analysis. The findings revealed that the cost leadership and differentiation strategies can significantly improve the sustainability of operations compared to the focus strategy, which had a moderate but positive influence. The government policy had a direct effect on the sustainability results but only a weakly moderating impact on the correlation between competitive strategies and sustainability results. The study concludes that a hybrid approach combining cost leadership and differentiation strategies is most effective for achieving operational sustainability. This research contributes to strategic management literature by empirically linking competitive strategies and sustainability within the context of emerging operating markets, offering …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Billah Amina Atieno
creator: Charles Mwirigi
creator: Joy Kibor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-28
publication date: 2025-10-28
starting page: 38
ending page: 46

Influence of Strategic Partnerships on The Performance of Private Hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya
type: item
description: Private hospitals in Kiambu County, Kenya, are pivotal to the region’s healthcare system, yet they face significant challenges, including escalating operational costs, intensifying competition, and a rapidly evolving healthcare landscape. This study investigates the influence of strategic partnership practices on the performance of private hospitals in Kiambu County. Specifically, the study investigated the influence of alignment of organizational goals, vision, and mission, and operational efficiency of the from level three and four private hospitals private hospitals in Kiambu county. Institutional Theory, which emphasizes mimetic isomorphism—where organizations emulate the structures and practices of successful peers to enhance legitimacy and performance guided the study. A descriptive research design was adopted, and data was collected from 248 respondents, constituting corporate executives, human resource managers, finance officers, and information technology managers. Structured questionnaires with both open-ended and closed questions were used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive statistics (percentages, means, and standard deviations) and inferential statistics (multiple regression) was employed for quantitative analysis, while thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Findings revealed that strategic partnerships significantly enhance hospital performance, with alignment of goals, vision, and mission showing the strongest influence, followed by operational efficiency. The study recommends that private hospitals cultivate strategic partnerships aligned with institutional objectives to improve efficiency, revenue growth, and staff productivity, offering valuable insights for hospital administrators and policymakers. Key words: Strategic partnerships, Private hospitals, Kiambu County, Organizational performance, Alignment of goals, vision, and mission, Operational efficiency, Institutional Theory, Mimetic isomorphism, Healthcare perf…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Joseph Ndege Wambui
creator: Joyce Mbaya
creator: Stephen Karanja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-24
publication date: 2025-10-24
starting page: 28
ending page: 37

Influence of Strategic Management Practices on Internal Innovation in Commercial Banks in Kenya
type: item
description: In today’s rapidly evolving financial landscape, internal innovation has become a critical driver of competitiveness in the commercial banking sector. The study examined the influence of strategic management practices on internal innovation in commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically, it analyzed the roles of organizational culture, leadership engagement, resource allocation, and incentive systems. A mixed-methods design was employed, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 144 questionnaires were distributed to the sampled respondents, out of which 115 were duly completed and returned, representing a response rate of 80%. The data obtained was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The results revealed that organizational culture, leadership engagement, resource allocation, and incentive systems each had a statistically significant positive influence on internal innovation (p < 0.05). Tier analysis showed that these effects were strongest in Tier 1 banks, reflecting greater structural and resource capacity. Organizational readiness further moderated the relationship between strategic management practices and innovation, highlighting the importance of adaptability. The study recommends that commercial banks establish innovation budgets, strengthen leadership involvement, align culture with innovation goals, and implement transparent incentive systems to enhance innovation and sustain competitiveness. This study contributes to the literature by providing tier-based evidence on how strategic management practices shape innovation in Kenya’s banking sector. Keywords: Internal innovation, strategic management practices, organizational culture.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Innocent Scio
creator: Geoffrey Gitau Kamau
creator: Peter Kibas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-23
publication date: 2025-10-23
starting page: 19
ending page: 27

Transformational Leadership and Organisational Performance of Plastic Manufacturing Companies in Nairobi and Kiambu, Kenya
type: item
description: Globalisation and technological change continue to reshape organisational performance in Kenya’s plastic manufacturing companies, which contribute about 7% to the national manufacturing industry. This study examined the effect of transformational leadership on organisational performance among plastic manufacturing firms in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties. Guided by Transformational Leadership Theory, Organisational Performance Theory, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), the research focused on four dimensions of transformational leadership idealised influence, inspirational motivation, individualised consideration, and intellectual stimulation and their impact on both financial (market share, revenue growth) and non-financial (employee satisfaction) outcomes. Using a descriptive research design, data were collected from 360 respondents selected through stratified random sampling and analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression. The findings indicated that all four leadership dimensions significantly enhance performance, with idealised influence and intellectual stimulation showing the strongest effects. Employee-driven innovation and problem-solving emerged as key mediators of performance improvement. The study concludes that an integrated transformational leadership approach anchored in ethical behaviour, environmental wellness and technological creativity is critical for sustaining competitiveness and growth. It recommends further research on organisational culture, external dynamics, and enhanced policy support from the Kenya Association of Manufacturers to promote ESG practices and innovation in the industry. Keywords: Transformational Leadership, Organizational Performance, Plastic Manufacturing, Idealized Influence, Intellectual Stimulation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Rose Nkatha Mugo
creator: Paul Gesimba
creator: Emilio Kariuki
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-22
publication date: 2025-10-22
starting page: 1
ending page: 18

Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods Manufacturing Firms in Machakos County, Kenya
type: item
description: The study investigated the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and the performance of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) manufacturing firms in Kenya. Recognizing that FMCG firms account for approximately 13% of global carbon emissions, the research examined how green manufacturing, green packaging, green marketing, and green procurement contribute to firm performance. Grounded in the resource-based view, triple bottom line theory, and resource dependence theory, the study adopted a descriptive design targeting seven FMCG firms in Machakos County, with data collected from 150 respondents across procurement, operations, marketing, and production departments. Structured questionnaires and statistical techniques, including correlation and regression analysis, were employed to assess relationships. Findings revealed significant positive correlations between GSCM practices and firm performance. Green procurement exhibited a moderate but meaningful impact (r = 0.473; p < 0.05), indicating that sustainable sourcing improved efficiency and cost management. Green packaging demonstrated a stronger association (r = 0.541; p < 0.05), enhancing brand image, cost savings, and compliance. Green manufacturing showed an even higher effect (r = 0.641; p < 0.05), highlighting the importance of energy-efficient and environmentally responsible production processes. Green marketing recorded the strongest influence (r = 0.741; p < 0.05), demonstrating that eco-conscious branding and promotional strategies boosted customer loyalty and financial outcomes. The study concluded that integrating green procurement, packaging, manufacturing, and marketing is critical for competitiveness, sustainability, and compliance. It recommended reinforcing green practices and proposed further research on their role in operational efficiency, risk mitigation, and supply chain resilience. Keywords: Green supply chain management, firm performance, green procurement, green packagi…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Elizabeth N. Nzeva
creator: Akwalu Ezekiel Kiriinya
creator: Daniel Kimemia
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 JBMI Insight
date: 2025-10-21
publication date: 2025-10-21
starting page: 66
ending page: 81