Bullying and its Effects on Mental Health among Students in Secondary Schools in Ontario, Canada
Abstract
Bullying in secondary schools across Ontario significantly undermines students' mental health, often leading to heightened levels of anxiety, depression, and emotional distress. Victims of bullying may experience social withdrawal, low self-esteem, and academic disengagement, which can have long-term psychological consequences. Addressing this issue requires comprehensive school-based interventions, mental health support systems, and active involvement of educators, parents, and policymakers. The study found that Students in Ontario secondary schools who experience bullying whether physical, verbal, relational, or cyber are significantly more likely to report poor self-rated mental health and elevated psychological distress, with nearly one-quarter of students indicating they have been bullied at school in the past year. Victims of both traditional and cyberbullying face even greater risks, including higher rates of depression, suicidal ideation, and emotional distress, especially among younger adolescents. These findings highlight a clear and troubling link between bullying involvement and adverse mental health outcomes, underscoring the urgent need for comprehensive prevention and support strategies within Ontario’s schools. The study concluded that bullying remains a serious concern in Ontario's secondary schools, with clear evidence linking it to negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and increased psychological distress among students. The effects are particularly severe for those exposed to multiple forms of bullying, including cyberbullying, with long-term consequences on their emotional and academic development. Therefore, it is essential for schools, families, and policymakers to implement coordinated, evidence-based strategies that prioritize mental health support and foster safe learning environments. The study recommended that secondary schools in Ontario should strengthen their anti-bullying policies by incorporating mental health education, peer support systems, and confidential reporting mechanisms. Additionally, collaboration among educators, parents, and mental health professionals is essential to ensure timely interventions and create supportive environments that protect students from the psychological harm caused by bullying.
Keywords: Bullying, mental health, students, Canada
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